You’ve come to the right spot if you’re searching for the highest paying non GamStop casino sites. Pinpointing precise payout data can be challenging and time-consuming. That’s why we’ve done all the legwork so you can relax and focus on your gambling. We’ve conducted meticulous research to bring you the best non GamStop casinos with the best payout rates. Our journey led us to Memo Casino being top of the pile of non GamStop sites.
Top 10 Casinos Not on GamStop for UK Players
- – 100% bonus up to £100 + 150 free spins (1st deposit)
- – 10% Weekly Cashback Bonus
- – 200% Welcome Offer up to €7500 + 10% Weekly Cashback
- – 200% 1st Deposit Bonus + 20 Free Spins
- – 100% 1st Deposit Bonus up to 1 BTC
- – 100% up to €500 Welcome Bonus
- – €10,000 + 10% Cashback Welcome Bonus
- – Earn a 400% Welcome Bonus up to £1000
- – 400% Bonus + 100 Free Spins
- Sombrero Spins – 125% 1st Deposit Bonus
1. – 100% bonus up to £100 + 150 free spins (1st deposit)
Memo Casino, our number one recommended platform, has quickly made a name for itself amongst non GamStop casino sites. It offers a compelling welcome bonus worth up to £450, including 250 free spins, spread over the first three deposits. Licensed and fully regulated, Memo Casino ensures a secure and regulated gaming environment. In addition to a diverse range of casino games, the platform also features a sportsbook, catering to sports betting enthusiasts.
RTP%
The casino provides a vast array of slot and casino games, all verified for fair RTP (Return to Player) rates. The average RTP% of Memo Casino is above 97%.
Pros:
- Cashback on live dealer games
- Daily tournaments give players the chance to win big prizes
- Exclusive games available on-site
Cons:
- Brand new casino with some teething problems
- Lack of payment options supported
- Information about casino licence is vague
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 100% bonus up to £100 + 150 free spins (1st deposit) |
| Wagering | 35x |
| Min Deposit | £15 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
2. – Lightning Quick Withdrawals
Instant Casino, launched in 2024, is a fantastic new Golden Geniefor players looking for quick payouts. It features a 10% cashback welcome bonus with no wagering requirements and operates under a licence from the Government of Curacao. This platform also accepts traditional payment methods like Visa and MasterCard. For support, users can contact their team via email at or through live chat.
Instant Casino earns high marks from us for its instant gratification approach, evident in the appealing 10% cashback offer and speedy withdrawals. The gaming library is diverse, including classic titles, Megaways slots, and the latest releases from top providers. Whether you enjoy classic games or the newest slots, Instant Casino has an extensive selection to meet all preferences. Popular titles like ‘Gonzo’s Quest’ and the latest online gaming innovations can be found.RTP%
When we contacted customer support at Instant Casino, we were told that the average RTP% of the slot games was over 98%.
Pros:
- Fast withdrawals for fiat method withdrawals
- Customer service is very helpful
- Comprehensive FAQ
Cons:
- No cryptocurrencies are supported
- No traditional welcome bonus is offered yet
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 10% Weekly Cashback Bonus |
| Wagering | N/A |
| Min Deposit | £20 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
3. – 200% Welcome Offer up to €7500 + 10% Weekly Cashback
If you’re searching for non GamStop casino sites with fantastic rewards programs, then Golden Panda is the choice for you. Players can claim a welcome package of 200% up to €7,500, spread over 4 deposits. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd deposit bonus is worth up to €1700 each, with the 4th worth up to €1550. The welcome bonus will be released in cash in 4 instances. An instance will be released each time you wager 15x times your initial deposit. There is also a share of €2million to be won every month through Drops & Wins, along with a €2 million prize drop on Kalamba games.
Golden Panda also stands out for its extensive collection of casino games and partnerships with top software developers. While the live casino section is somewhat limited with 40 titles to choose from, it offers popular games to satisfy all types of players. Players will find a range of slots, drops & wins games, raffles and other niche games. Despite lacking regulation from the UKGC, the casino operates under a Curacao licence, ensuring a secure gaming environment. Additionally, it supports cryptocurrency transactions, adding flexibility to its banking options. Payment methods at Golden Panda include VISA, Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, and MiFinitiy. Cryptos supported include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dogecoin, and Tether.RTP%
After contacting Golden Panda’s customer support, we were assured the average RTP% of the casino slot games was above 91%.
Pros:
- Low wagering requirements on the welcome package
- Nice UX design
- Multi-language site
Cons:
- There is no dedicated app
- Poor selection of ongoing promotions
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 200% Bonus up to €7,500 |
| Wagering | 15x |
| Min Deposit | €20 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
4. – 200% 1st Deposit Bonus + 20 Free Spins
Coming in at number 4 on our list of non GamStop casino sites with high payouts is Betfoxx. This platform offers 10% daily cashback rewards on slots for returning players. New players get a generous 200% welcome bonus up to £10,000, which includes 20 free spins. If you plan on wagering in crypto, there is a special 300% bonus up to 1 BTC which includes 20 free spins
The casino has a wide range of games, such as slots, virtual games, and table games. For a fun and diverse gaming experience, you can also try your luck with ‘lucky games’ such as bingo, lotto, scratch cards, Plinko, and keno. For a more realistic experience, try the live dealer games from the comfort of your home. You can deposit money using VISA and Mastercard. Players have several options for withdrawing funds, including cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, and USDT, as well as bank transfers.RTP%
The customer support ensured us that the site offers slot games with RTP of up to 99% making it one of the best payout casinos not on GamStop.
Pros:
- Nice cashback reward on slots
- Crypto specific deposit bonus
- Revolut is supported as a payment method
Cons:
- Bonus funds only valid for 7 days after claiming
- No FAQ section
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 200% up to £10,000 + 20 Free Spins |
| Wagering | 20x |
| Min Deposit | £20 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
5. – 100% 1st Deposit Bonus up to 1 BTC
Big Wins has rapidly become a notable player in the online gambling scene. Licensed in Curaçao and offering a robust selection of 750 games powered by in-house software, it promises a versatile gaming experience. The casino supports a wide range of payment methods including BTC, ETH, USDT, and LTC, making it particularly appealing for cryptocurrency users.
The site’s commitment to customer service is evident with its 24/7 availability via email and live chat.One of Big Wins’s major draws is its generous welcome bonus package, offering 100% up to 1 BTC. In addition, the casino has midweek reload bonuses, a 15% cashback reward, plenty of cash prize tournaments, and tonnes of exclusive rewards through the VIP programme
Big Wins also has a massive range of live casino games, which includes poker, blackjack, roulette, and baccarat, along with more niche games such as bingo, craps, and game show games. This makes it stand out as a leading live casino not on gamstop.RTP%
Upon reaching out to customer service, we were told that the average RTP% of the casino is above 90%.
Pros:
- Massive portfolio of live dealer casino games
- Multilingual site
- Cryptocurrency is supported
Cons:
- Limited range of ongoing promotions
- FAQ section could cover more topics
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 100% up to 1 BTC |
| Wagering | 25x |
| Min Deposit | N/A |
| Promo Code | N/A |
6. – 100% up to €500 Welcome Bonus
Next on our list of best non GamStop casino sites is Slotmonster, a site which is a haven for slot fans. Slotmonster has rapidly gained popularity among online gaming enthusiasts.
The casino greets new players with a generous welcome bonus of 100% up to €500 Welcome Bonus over their first 5 deposits, subject to 45x wagering requirements. Licensed by Curacao, Slotmonster offers its users a secure and regulated environment.
Alongside an extensive array of casino games, Slotmonster also features a comprehensive sportsbook, making it a versatile platform for both casino and sports betting fans. The slot game section is superbly labelled and categorised to help you find the exact slot titles you are looking for. To play table games, you’ll find them under the live dealer section The casino supports cryptocurrency transactions, adding a modern touch to its payment options. For customer support, players can contact the team via email at [email protected] or utilise the live chat feature for quick assistance.RTP%
During research on the RTP% at the casino, we found slot titles with an RTP% as high as 97%.
Pros:
- Fantastic slot game portfolio with all types of games
- Apple Pay & Google Pay supported
- Friendly & responsive customer service
Cons:
- FAQ section need improvement
- Poor selection of ongoing promotions
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 100% up to €500 Welcome Bonus |
| Wagering | 35x |
| Min Deposit | €20 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
7. – €10,000 + 10% Cashback Welcome Bonus
If you tend to wager via cryptocurrency and are looking to be rewarded to deposit via Bitcoin while playing at non GamStop casino sites, Palm.casino might be the platform for you. Players can claim a welcome package worth up to €10,000. This sign-up promotion is spread over 5 deposits, with the first being 200% up to €300. The minimum deposit isn’t specified on-site but the bonuses all have a wagering requirement of 30x. There are also weekly
Other stand-out features at the casino include its massive section of slot games with titles from 75 different game developers. There is also a comprehensive live casino section, along with a virtual casino section and table game section. There is also an impressive sportsbook on-site with all the popular betting markets In terms of payment methods, the site supports deposits via VISA, Mastercard, Rapid, Skrill, Paysafecard, Neteller, Mifinity, Interac, AstroPay, and Payz, along with a whole host of cryptos. There is a live chat available for players who have questions about payment methods, bonus info, and/or verification.RTP%
During our research, we found the highest RTP% for slots at Palm.casino was just over 97%.
Pros:
- Very attractive welcome package available
- Huge range of payment options supported
- Weekly bonuses ranging from €1000 to €2000
Cons:
- The desktop site feels a little dated
- The site theme is a bit too seasonal
- The minimum deposit for bonuses is a tad high
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Crypto Welcome Bonus | €10,000 + 10% Cashback |
| Wagering | 30x |
| Min Deposit | Not Specified |
| Promo Code | N/A |
8. – Earn a 400% Welcome Bonus up to £1000
A casino that really stood out to us thanks to its generous welcome package, along with other bonuses, is Final Countdown. The platform offers a mouth-watering 400% welcome bonus up to £1000. Upon depositing, you must select the ‘welcome casino bonus’ from the drop down menu. Other promotions include a sports-free bet for the sportsbook, weekly reload bonuses, a crypto bonus, and daily casino cashback.
In terms of payment methods, players can deposit via VISA and Mastercard, along with a range of cryptocurrencies. These include Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Litecoin, and USDT. There is a huge range of slot games available, along with a live dealer section, table games and lucky games. If you want to wager on sports without leaving the casino, there are also virtual games, which include virtual greyhounds, horses, goal games, and even TRON. For queries, there is a live chat available at selected times. Players can also email [email protected] if they have any further questions.RTP%
After we contacted customer service, we were assured the average RTP% of slot titles at the sites was above 90%, which is a decent average.
Pros:
- Great range of welcome bonuses and ongoing promotions
- Cryptocurrency supported
- 10% cashback up to £2000
- Great UX design and site colour scheme
Cons:
- Very small responsible gambling section
- Live chat is only available at selected times
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 400% Up to £1000 |
| Wagering | 45x |
| Min Deposit | £25 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
9. – 400% Bonus + 100 Free Spins
If you’re looking to indulge in lucky games at the best non GamStop casino sites, Non-GamStop is the spot for you. As the name of the site would suggest, Non-GamStop is a leading non-Gamstop online casino offering attractive bonuses, a wonderful UX experience, and a diverse range of games, from the latest slots to popular lucky games such as Lotto, Keno and War.
New players get bonuses on their first 5 deposits! Kick off with 100 free spins on Wish Master plus a 400% match up to £2000 on your first £20+ deposit. The bonuses keep coming with free spins and matches on deposits 2-5, but you’ll need to meet x50 wagering requirements to cash out.
As we mentioned briefly before, Golden Genie offers an extensive selection of games, including video slots, bonus buy games, jackpot games, video poker, video bingo, scratch cards, lotto, and instant games. The live dealer section is comprehensive, with game shows, sic bo, and live dice, as well as classic table games like poker, baccarat, and blackjack. For banking, Golden Genie supports a variety of options, catering to both crypto users and traditional players. Payment methods include VISA, Mastercard, Bitcoin, Tether, and Ethereum.RTP%
When we contacted customer service, we were told the RTP% of slots not on GamStop was above 90%.
Pros:
- Customer service is fantastic
- Free demo versions of casino games are available
- Great UX design
Cons:
- Not the greatest selection of ongoing promotions for the casino
- High wagering requirement
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 400% match up to £2000 |
| Wagering | 50x |
| Min Deposit | £20 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
10. Sombrero Spins – Welcome Bonus up to €1200
If you’re looking for free spins on slots not on GamStop, Sombrero Spins is the site for you. Players who create a new account can claim an attractive welcome bonus up to €1200 over the first 3 deposits. Unfortunately, that is the only bonus for the casino, but there are more promotions available for the sportsbook
With over 5000 games, Sombrero Spins provides endless entertainment for every taste. You’ll find the latest slots, instant win games, jackpots, live games, and exclusive titles, ensuring a diverse and exciting gaming experience. Payments at Sombrero Spins are smooth and straightforward, with support for various methods such as credit/debit cards, and a range of cryptocurrencies.RTP%
During our research, we found slots games with the highest RTP% at Sombrero Spins is 97.10% (Bonanza Billion).
Pros:
- Numerous opportunities for players to win a huge number of free spins
- Access to the latest and most exciting slots in the industry
- A vast library of over 5000 games to suit every preference.
Cons:
- The wagering requirement for the welcome bonus is high
- There are no casino bonuses aside from the welcome bonus
Sign-Up Bonus
| Details | Information |
| Bonus | 200% up to £1000 |
| Wagering | 30x |
| Min Deposit | €25 |
| Promo Code | N/A |
Top 10 Non GamStop Slots with the Best Payout Rates
| Rank | Slot | Provider | RTP |
| 1 | Mega Joker | NetEnt | 99% |
| 2 | White Rabbit Megaways | Big Time Gaming | 97.24% |
| 3 | Big Bad Wolf | Microgaming | 97.24% |
| 4 | Medusa II | NextGen Gaming | 97.07% |
| 5 | Age of Egypt | Playtech | 97.05% |
| 6 | Wild Swarm | Push Gaming | 97.03% |
| 7 | Sinbad’s Golden Voyage | Playtech | 97.01% |
| 8 | Immortal Romance | Microgaming | 96.86% |
| 9 | Spiñata Grande | NetEnt | 96.84% |
| 10 | Extra Chilli Megaways | Big Time Gaming | 96.82% |
How We Chose the Best Casino Not on GamStop
Selecting the cream of the crop among requires a meticulous approach, blending analytical rigour with industry expertise. Our team of seasoned casino professionals spared no effort in scrutinising dozens of non GamStop casino sites to unveil the best ones with the highest rate of payouts.Licensing and Regulation
At the foundation of our evaluation of the best non GamStop casino sites lies the legitimacy of the platform. We meticulously examined the licensing and regulatory framework governing each casino, ensuring compliance with stringent standards to guarantee a safe and secure gambling environment.Game Selection
A diverse and engaging array of games is paramount to a memorable gambling experience. We delved deep into each casino’s game library, assessing the variety, quality, and innovation across slots, table games, live dealer options, and speciality titles.Payout Percentage
Central to our assessment is the payout percentage, a critical metric indicating the return players can expect over the long term. Our team meticulously analysed payout rates across various games, prioritising platforms that offer consistently high RTP (Return to Player) percentages.Bonuses and Promotions
We understand the allure of enticing bonuses and promotions in the competitive world of online gambling. Our experts scrutinised the generosity, terms, and conditions of bonus offers, ensuring they provide genuine value to players without compromising on fairness.Payment Methods
Seamless transactions are essential for a hassle-free gambling experience. We evaluated the diversity, speed, and reliability of payment methods supported by each casino, prioritising platforms that cater to a wide range of preferences and offer swift withdrawals.Customer Support
In the dynamic realm of online gambling, responsive and efficient customer support can make all the difference. We assessed the responsiveness, professionalism, and accessibility of customer support channels, prioritising casinos that prioritise player satisfaction.User Experience and Interface
Navigating a casino’s platform should be intuitive and enjoyable. Our team meticulously examined the user interface, mobile compatibility, and overall user experience, ensuring players can seamlessly immerse themselves in the thrill of gambling.Security and Fairness
Trust is paramount in the online gambling industry. We conducted thorough assessments of each casino’s security protocols, encryption methods, and commitment to fairness, ensuring players can gamble with peace of mind.We advise you to have a look at this article about the best casinos not on gamstop with fast payouts.
Understanding GamStop and Its Alternatives
Some players from the UK who are new to gambling may wonder what GamStop is. Here, we will explain what GamStop is, along with alternative exclusion tools.What is GamStop? A Detailed Explanation
GamStop is a free self-exclusion program available to UK residents that helps individuals manage their gambling habits. Once registered, users are blocked from accessing and creating accounts on all online gambling websites and apps licensed by the UK Gambling Commission for a chosen period (6 months, 1 year, or 5 years). This tool is designed to aid those struggling with problem gambling by limiting their ability to gamble online, promoting responsible gambling practices. Users cannot revoke their self-exclusion until the chosen period ends, ensuring a robust barrier against compulsive gambling behaviours.GamBan: An Alternative Self-Exclusion Tool
Similarly, GamBan is another software tool that helps individuals block access to online gambling sites and apps on their devices. Just like GamStop, it restricts access to thousands of gambling websites and applications, providing a barrier against online gambling across multiple devices, including smartphones, tablets, and computers. However, unlike GamStop, which is limited to UK-licensed sites, GamBan offers broader protection by blocking gambling content globally.Pros and Cons of Non-GamStop Casinos
There are positive and negative aspects to playing at . Understanding these pros and cons can help players make informed decisions when considering non-GamStop casinos.Benefits of Playing at Non-GamStop Casinos
- Access for Self-Excluded Players: Players who have self-excluded through GamStop can still access and play at these casinos.
- Generous Bonuses: Non-GamStop casinos often offer attractive bonuses and promotions, such as welcome bonuses, no-deposit bonuses, and loyalty rewards.
- Fewer Restrictions: These casinos typically have fewer limitations on betting amounts, game selections, and withdrawal limits.
- Diverse Game Selection: Players can enjoy various games, including slots, table games, and live dealer games.
- Flexible Payment Options: Many non-GamStop casinos accept a variety of payment methods, including cryptocurrencies, which can offer faster transactions and increased privacy.
- Global Accessibility: These casinos cater to an international audience, often providing multi-language support and multiple currency options.
Potential Drawbacks to Consider
- Lack of UK Regulation: Non-GamStop casinos are not regulated by the UK Gambling Commission, which means they may not offer the same level of player protection and fairness.
- Potential for Riskier Gambling: The lack of self-exclusion measures like GamStop can make it easier for problem gamblers to continue gambling, potentially leading to harmful behaviour.
- Varying Levels of Security: Not all non-GamStop casinos are reputable; some may have weaker security measures, putting players’ personal and financial information at risk.
- Legal and Financial Risks: Players might face legal and financial challenges if disputes arise, as these casinos operate outside UK jurisdiction.
- Potentially Complicated Withdrawal Processes: Withdrawal times and processes can vary significantly, sometimes leading to delays and complications in accessing winnings.
- Customer Support Quality: The quality and availability of customer support can vary, potentially leading to issues with resolving problems or queries efficiently.
Licensing and Regulation of Non-GamStop Casinos
While online casinos regulated by the UKGC are required to sign-up to GamStop, non GamStop casino sites are still licensed and regulated, ensuring these sites are safe and fair to play at.Key Licensing Authorities: Curaçao, Malta, and More
The best non GamStop casino sites have a gambling licence and are regulated by the following bodies:Curaçao eGaming
Curaçao is one of the oldest and most common licensing jurisdictions for non-GamStop casinos. The Curaçao eGaming licence is known for its relatively straightforward and cost-effective application process. It offers a single licence that covers all types of gambling activities, making it an attractive option for operators. However, while it ensures a basic level of oversight, it may not be as stringent as some other regulators in terms of consumer protection and operational standards.Malta Gaming Authority (MGA)
The MGA is highly respected within the online gambling industry and is known for its rigorous standards and comprehensive regulatory framework. Casinos licensed by the MGA must adhere to strict rules regarding fair play, player protection, and financial transparency. This makes Malta-licensed casinos generally safer and more reliable for players, even if they are not on GamStop.Other Licensing Authorities
- Gibraltar Regulatory Authority: Known for its stringent regulations and high standards, Gibraltar licences are highly regarded. Casinos licensed here must comply with rigorous requirements for player protection and fair play.
- Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission: Another reputable jurisdiction, the Isle of Man provides a robust regulatory framework that emphasises player safety and fair gaming practices.
- Kahnawake Gaming Commission: Located in Canada, this commission offers licences to many online casinos, ensuring they meet specific standards for fair play and operational integrity.
Why You Should Choose Non GamStop Casino Sites with a High RTP%
Return to Player (RTP) is a crucial metric for online casino players in the UK, as it indicates the percentage of wagered money a slot of casino games is expected to return to players over time. It can impact gaming choices, trust in the gambling industry, and the overall gaming experience. Let’s break down the main reason why RTP is important:Informed Decision Making
RTP Helps players make informed decisions about which game to play. Higher RTP% means better chances of winning in the long run, allowing players to choose games that potentially offer more favourable returns.Fairness & Transparency
RTP ensures fairness and transparency. Casinos are required to publish RTP figures, as is a stipulation of obtaining a gambling licence. This gives players confidence that games are not rigged and that they have a fair chance of winning.Budget Management
Understanding RTP allows players to manage their budgets more effectively. By knowing how much a game is likely to retire, players can better plan their spending and gambling strategy.Enhanced Gaming Experience
Casino games with higher RTPs generally provide a more enjoyable experience, as players experience fewer losses and more frequent wins, making the gaming session rewarding and entertaining.Regulatory Compliance
While regulations from the UKGC are very strict, most other iGaming licensing bodies also have regulations which adhere to RTP%. This ensures that games meet specific standards of fairness and reliability, protecting players from dodgy practices. It is a red flag if a casino refuses to include the RTP% of the games on their site.Popular Payment Methods at Non-GamStop Casinos
The most popular payment methods at non-GamStop casinos typically include a mix of traditional and modern options to cater to a diverse player base.Credit/Debit Cards
Credit cards are banned from being used at online casinos in the UK which are regulated by UKGC. However, Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted at non-GamStop casinos, offering convenience and familiarity to players who prefer using their bank cards for transactions.E-Wallets
E-wallets like PayPal, Skrill, and Neteller are popular due to their speed, security, and ease of use. They allow for fast deposits and withdrawals, with many players appreciating the additional layer of privacy they provide.Bank Transfers
Direct bank transfers or wire transfers are another common payment method at non-GamStop casinos. While they may take longer to process compared to other methods, bank transfers are preferred by players who prioritise security and reliability.Cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are gaining popularity as payment methods at non-GamStop casinos due to their decentralised nature, fast transactions, and enhanced privacy features.Prepaid Cards
Prepaid cards like Paysafecard are convenient for players who prefer not to share their banking details online. These cards can be purchased at various retail outlets and used to make secure deposits at non-GamStop casinos.Mobile Payment Services
Mobile payment services like Apple Pay and Google Pay are becoming increasingly popular for online transactions, offering a seamless and secure way to fund casino accounts using mobile devices.Alternative Payment Methods
Some non-GamStop casinos may also accept alternative payment methods like ecoPayz, Trustly, or cryptocurrencies like Ethereum and Litecoin, providing players with even more options to choose from.Playing at the Best Non GamStop Casino Sites With the Highest Payouts
Due to tight regulations from the UKGC on online gambling, players from the UK scour the internet for the best non GamStop casino sites which have high payouts. There is a desire for more freedom and flexibility in their gambling experience, access to a wider range of table games and slots not on GamStop, bigger bonuses, and the avoidance of strict self-exclusion measures imposed by Gamstop. If you find yourself looking for casinos not on GamStop which ticks all these boxes and more, Memo Casino is the casino for you.
